@inproceedings{02419e69b05247508170265df05f5468,
title = "The crystallization kinetics of Er/Yb co-doped oxyfluoride glasses",
abstract = "The intention of the authors is to show a possibility of controlled crystallization of Er/Yb co-doped oxyfluoride glass fibers provided for glass-ceramics core fiber lasers or optical amplifiers at 1550 nm. Selected glasses (the batch composition 48SiO211Al2O3-7Na2CO3-10CaO-10PbO-12PbF2-1.5/0.6YbF3-0.5/0.2ErF3) were examined in the form of powders of diameter 45-100 μm (diameter comparable to that of standard multimode fiber core 62 μm). Powders were annealed at various temperatures and time periods in order to obtain glass-ceramics with different crystalline fraction. DTA measurements and calculations (isothermal and non-isothermal annealing) enabled to determine JMAK (JohnsonMehl-Avrami-Kissinger) equation parameters and to estimate crystal growth rate and certain features of nucleation stage. XRD/TEM/SAED/EDS/HRTEM/SEM/EDS techniques (X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) enabled to determine crystal structure of growing crystals (erbium and ytterbium enriched hexagonal PbF2, erbium and ytterbium enriched cubic PbF2 isomorphic to the fluorite structure). Luminescence intensity at 1550 nm under 488/980 nm excitation has shown comparable values for glassceramics powder and for bulk glass what suggests a considerably higher emission yield for glass-ceramics fiber. The lifetime of erbium excited state for glass-ceramics powder (∼4 ms) is also comparable to that of bulk glass and is promising from the point of view of a stimulated emission. Computed parameters of JMAK equation enable to establish heat treatment conditions for glass fibers and hence to control the level (fraction) of glass crystallization.",
keywords = "Crystal growth, Glass-ceramics, Nucleation, Optical fibers, Thermal analysis",
author = "Michal Zelechower and Elwira Czerska and Elzbieta Augustyn and Julian Plewa and Radoslaw Lisiecki and Danuta Str{\'o}z and Tomasz Rzychon and Kinga Rodak and Witold Ryba-Romanowski",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 SPIE.; 17th Optical Fibers and Their Applications 2017, OFTA 2017 ; Conference date: 23-01-2017 Through 27-01-2017",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.1117/12.2271442",
language = "English",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
publisher = "SPIE",
editor = "Romaniuk, \{Ryszard S.\} and Jan Dorosz",
booktitle = "Optical Fibers and Their Applications 2017",
address = "United States",
}