Occurrence consequences of mining terrain surface discontinuous linear deformations in a residential building

In the article a case study of consequences of underground mining exploitation of hard coal deposit on terrain surface and in a residential building has been presented. It was realized an exploitation of two hard coal seams (in three layers) in Poland, in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, in 2013-2019. Operation was conducted at relatively small depth and by use of five longwalls with significant height and large decline. There were observed exploitation influences of fifth longwall on terrain surface and in the building by use of geodetic surveys. Measurements were carried out on the ground and wall points located in two perpendicular directions. Heights differences and distances between next points before and after the end of exploitation of last longwall have been measured. There the inclinations changes of particular sections have been determined. Analysis of surveys results shown that processes of the terrain and buildings deformations take place differently and terrain inclinations and building deviations have other values. Moreover, next to the building four discontinuous linear deformations of terrain surface (one in front of the building, one under the building, two behind the building) have been occurred. The ground steps location was detected by use of profile leveling of road located on the east of the building. A ground step with height of 15 cm under the building caused its crack. Example of the building with a partial basement proved that a consolidation type of building in the ground has a significant influence on values of its deviations.