Lead content in the femoral heads of inhabitants of Silesia (Poland)

Lead content was evaluated in spongious and cortical bone as well as in cartilage surface of human femoral heads obtained during hip arthroplasty from 45 inhabitants (11 males and 34 females) of the industrial region of Upper Silesia. The average age of this group was 63.9±14.4 years. Lead content was assessed using microwave mineralization with the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) method. The average lead content in the specimens from spongious bone was 2.56 μg/g, 3.05 μg/g in cortical bone and 3.53 μg/g in cartilage surface. The calculated average Pb/Ca ratio was 1783×10^-8 in spongious bone, 1623×10^-8 in cortical bone, and 2512×10^-8 in the cartilage. Both lead concentration and Pb/Ca ratio increased with the age of the patients. Higher lead content was found in the specimens from male hips and in the group of cigarette smokers.