Effect of milling time on microstructure of cobalt ferrites synthesized by mechanical alloying

Purpose: of this paper is to determine the effect of manufacturing conditions, especially milling time, on the microstructure and phase composition of CoFe₂O₄ cobalt ferrite. Design/methodology/approach: Cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) has been synthesised from a stoichiometric mixture of CoCo₃ and α-Fe₂O₃ powders in a high energy planetary mill. Annealing at 1000°C for 6 hours after milling was used to improve the solid-state reaction. Calcinated samples were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The relationship between the milling time of powders, their microstructure, as well as their properties were evaluated. Particles size distribution and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) examination were also made. Findings: CoFe₂O₄ ferrites were successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying of α-Fe₂O₃ and CoCO₃ powders. The powder particles had undergone morphological changes with the increasing milling time. However, the milling time does not affect the ferrite formation rate. It is expected that the improvement of fabrication parameters can further enhance the properties of cobalt ferrite presented in this work. Research limitations/implications: Contribute to research on the structure and properties of cobalt ferrites manufactured by mechanical alloying. Practical implications: The reactive milling and subsequently annealing is an efficient route to synthesise cobalt ferrite powder. However, using steel milling equipment risks powder contamination with iron and chromium from the vials and balls. Originality/value: The results of the experimental research of the developed ferrite materials served as the basis for determining material properties and for further investigation.