Cybersecurity Requirements for Industrial Machine Control Systems

The first part of this paper discusses the research context, taking a closer look at the development of Industry 4.0 and the growing importance of the IIoT, which entails new cybersecurity challenges. The issue of cyber threats and the need to increase the level of protection in machine control systems, which are particularly vulnerable to attacks due to their connection to the network, is also presented. The Introduction concludes with a presentation of the article’s objective, which is to analyze the requirements of security levels (SLs) and the implementation of relevant international standards. The next section reviews the current research on cybersecurity in machine control systems. This section also points out the research gaps that the article aims to fill. The next section presents the risk assessment used to ensure safety during machine operations based on ISO 12100. The article describes safety functions implemented in machine control systems, including the SIL (safety integrity level) and PL (performance level) specifications. An important part of the article is the creation of a relationship between PL and SL, showing how the safety functions of systems are related to protection against cyber threats. The last part of the article gives a case study in the form of examples of machines and their control systems performing safety functions, which require various SLs depending on the PLs.