The paper is devoted to bioinspired optimization in multiscale problems. The composite modeled as a macrostructure with a local periodic microstructure is considered. Themultiscale analysis is performed with the use of the homogenization method. The evolutionary algorithm, the artificial immune system and the particle swarm optimization are used in computations. The objective function evaluation with the use of the parallel homogenization algorithm is considered. The paper contains a description of the evolutionary algorithm, artificial immune system, particle swarm optimization, the homogenization method, the optimization formulation.