Atomic Layer Deposition of Zirconia on Cobalt–Chromium Alloys for Dental Prosthetics: Surface Functionalization Under MDR 2017/745

The primary goal of this study was to assess the suitability of the proposed method for modifying the surface of cobalt alloys in dental prosthetics, taking into account the specific characteristics of the stomatognathic system during long-term use and their impact on physicochemical properties and the adhesion of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. Technological factors influencing the quality of the product and its final dimensional characteristics were considered, confirming or ruling out the possibility of iatrogenic errors (related to poorly shaped prostheses) occurring during laboratory fabrication. This study demonstrates that atomic layer deposition of ZrO₂ on CoCr dental alloys results in a chemically stable, uniform, and protective surface layer, reducing ion release and improving surface quality. These improvements address key safety and performance requirements outlined in MDR 2017/745, supporting the use of ALD as a state-of-the-art technique for functionalizing dental prosthetic devices. Such coating development may influence the final quality of the denture and also verify its suitability for use in the oral environment (reducing the likelihood of denture stomatitis).