ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE INDUSTRY 4.0: Managerial Approach and Challenges for Leaders

The term artificial intelligence raises a lot of ambiguities and queries. Some even doubt whether it is possible to talk about something like artificial intelligence at all. Fundamental questions are asked whether machines can even think. These doubts arise primarily due to the fact that, firstly, there is not a clear definition of intelligence itself, and secondly, the problems of artificial intelligence are dealt with by scientists in many fields: mathematicians who do not always need a computer, IT specialists who do not always need mathematics and psychologists who put people in the center of attention (Stefanowicz, 2006). Artificial intelligence (AI) as a term gaining greater and greater importance and meaning new ways of business development can be understood as a field of knowledge including fuzzy logic, evolutionary computation, artificial neural networks, artificial life, robotics, algorithms, heuristics, genetic algorithms and expert systems come within the scope of artificial intelligence (Różanowski, 2007). Artificial intelligence is also an IT department dealing with intelligence—creating models of intelligent behaviors and computer programs that simulate these behaviors. It can also be defined as the IT department dealing with solving problems that are not effectively algorithmizable. The term of artificial intelligence was found by John McCarthy in 1955.