Analysis of Financial Losses and Methods of Shutdowns Prevention of Photovoltaic Installations Caused by the Power Grid Failure in Poland

Shutdowns of photovoltaic installations are a problem that has been increasingly affecting private investors who have built home installations of several to a dozen kWp over the last few years. This problem, most often caused by outdated infrastructure, appears in many countries and impacts energy production. This work focuses on three aspects of the problem. The first one answers the question of how shutdowns of the photovoltaic installation affect production, and how significant the energy loss happens when the PV inverter is not working or is in the restart phase. The second aspect proposes an original, low-cost method that reduces the number of shutdowns. This method relates to the auto-consumption mechanism associated with domestic water heaters and the system for measuring voltage and energy consumption from the electrical network. The solution is based on constant monitoring of the network voltage and the switching of heaters based on a dedicated algorithm. Additionally, continuous analysis also allows for reporting observed irregularities to the electricity supplier. The third and final factor corresponds to the real impact of shutdowns on the long-term aspect of the investment and the extension of its payback period, and to what extent the proposed solution shortens this period. Through a detailed analysis on the issue of shutdowns, the proposed solution allows for a reduction in the number of shutdowns by over 40%. However, due to the fact that it discusses a specific case, this solution requires a calibration and adjustment process, which is discussed in the article.