Wpływ zbrojenia spoin wspornych w ścianach z otworami, wykonanych z silikatowych elementów murowych, na morfologię zarysowań i mechanizm zniszczenia

The article presents the results of tests of unreinforced and reinforced walls with openings of various shapes made of calcium silicate masonry units. The main aim of the conducted expe-riments was to determine the influence of the applied reinforcement on the cracking morphology and the failure mechanism. All walls are made of calcium silicate masonry elements with vertical traver-ses (group I according to PN-EN 1996-1-1:2013). 12 walls with external dimensions of l = 4,45 m, h = 2,45 m, t = 180 mm with openings of different shape and dimensions were constructed and tested. Steel trusses of the EFZ 140/Z 140 type (type Z1) and plastic meshes (type Z2) were used for reinforcement. It was shown that the development of cracking depended on the size of the opening. In reinforced walls, the propagation of scratches was significantly limited.