Sex Differentiation of Trabecular Bone Structure Based on Textural Analysis of Pelvic Radiographs

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to assess the determination of male and female sex from trabecular bone structures in the pelvic region. The study involved analyzing digital radiographs for 343 patients and identifying fourteen areas of interest based on their medical significance, with seven regions on each side of the body for symmetry. Methods: Textural parameters for each region were obtained using various methods, and a thorough investigation of data normalization was conducted. Feature selection approaches were then evaluated to determine a small set of the most representative features, which were input into several classification machine learning models. Results: The findings revealed a sex-dependent correlation in the bone structure observed in X-ray images, with the degree of dependency varying based on the anatomical location. Notably, the femoral neck and ischium regions exhibited distinctive characteristics between sexes. Conclusions: This insight is crucial for medical professionals seeking to estimate sex dependencies from such image data. For these four specific areas, the balanced accuracy exceeded 70%. The results demonstrated symmetry, confirming the genuine dependencies in the trabecular bone structures.