Preliminary evaluation of geosites for nature-based tourism in Mavrovo and Šar Planina National Parks, North Macedonia

This study assesses the potential for nature-based tourism (NBT) in Mavrovo National Park and Šar Planina National Park in North Macedonia, utilizing the Geosite Potential (G-P) method to evaluate geosites. The research incorporates methodologies from key researchers, and integrates a range of criteria to assess scientific value (SV), educational potential use (EPU), touristic potential use (TPU), and degradation risk (DR). Results indicate that high-scoring geosites possess significant scientific, educational, and touristic values, making them prime candidates for conservation and development. Conversely, some sites exhibit moderate values and suggest areas for improvement. Geospatial analyses facilitate a comprehensive spatial evaluation, emphasizing variations in geosite attributes across the parks. The study reveals that while most geosites face moderate to low risks, some are more vulnerable and require enhanced protection measures. The research also identifies gaps in infrastructure and accommodation that limit the full realization of tourism potential. A SWOT analysis underscores the need for strategic improvements to capitalize on NBT opportunities while addressing infrastructure deficiencies. The findings provide a framework for targeted conservation and development efforts, aiming to preserve the geological integrity of these valuable geosites while promoting their scientific and touristic potential.