Powering the future: A comparative review of climate commitments, energy transition strategies, and hydrogen economy approaches in Poland and Norway

This review compares Poland and Norway's efforts in implementation of strategies for energy transition and hydrogen economy development in view of the countries’ current and future climate commitments. The analysis highlights key differences, providing insight into the current conditions and challenges shaping future landscapes of energy and hydrogen in each country. Norway and Poland differ in the energy generation solutions; the former relies heavily on renewables, i.e., hydropower and wind, while the latter, still reliant on coal, faces challenges in increasing renewable energy share and modernizing the national power grid. At the same time, Poland's climate and energy policies are primarily defined by the EU membership and initiatives like the European Green Deal, while Norway as a non-EU country has a greater flexibility in developing and adopting its energy plans. Despite these differences, both countries are progressing in planning and implementing hydrogen initiatives, offering valuable lessons for other nations facing similar energy challenges.