Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity affects its subcellular localization and DNA strand break rejoining

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays a crucial role in DNA repair. Modulation of its activity by stimulation or inhibition is considered as a potentially important strategy in clinical practice, especially to sensitize tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy through inhibition of DNA repair. Here we studied the effect of the three PARP inhibitors, 5-iodo-6-amino-benzopyrone (INH₂BP), 1,5-isoquinolinediol (1,5-dihydroxyisoquinolinediol (1,5-IQD) and 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinazolin-4-[3H]one (NU1025), and for two of them the efficiency in slowing the rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by H₂O₂ was compared. Inhibition of PARP changed its intranuclear localization markedly; cells exposed to the inhibitor NU1025 showed a significant tendency to accumulate PARP in large foci, whereas in untreated cells its distribution was more uniform. The speed and efficiency of rejoining of H₂O₂-induced DNA strand breaks were lower in cells incubated with a PARP inhibitor, and the kinetics of rejoining were modulated in a different manner by each inhibitor. At a concentration of 100 μM the efficiency of the inhibitors could be ranked in the order NU1025>IQD > INH₂BP. The two first compounds were able to decrease the overall PARP activity below the level detected in control cells, while INH₂BP showed up to 40% PARP activity after exposure to H₂O₂.