Efficient Numerical Calibration of Water Delivery Network Using Short-Burst Hydrant Trials

Calibration is a critical process for reducing uncertainty in water distribution network hydraulic models (WDN HM). However, features of certain water distribution networks (WDNs), such as oversized pipelines, lead to shallow pressure gradients under normal daily conditions, posing a challenge for effective calibration. This study proposes a calibration methodology using short hydrant trials conducted at night, which increase the pressure gradient in the WDN. The data is resampled to align with hourly consumption patterns. In a unique real-world case study of a WDN zone, we demonstrate the statistically significant superiority of our method compared to calibration based on daily usage. The experimental methodology, inspired by a machine learning cross-validation framework, utilizes four state-of-the-art calibration algorithms, achieving a reduction in absolute error of up to 15% in the best scenario.