Analysis of changes in predispositions and skills for people applying for a Commercial Pilot License

Civil aviation has been transformed by rapid technological change, expanding traffic volumes, and the pervasive use of digital systems in both cockpits and training environments. This paper analyses how these developments have shifted the competency profile of civil pilots from physical endurance toward psychomotor and cognitive performance, IT literacy, and teamwork. Building on a literature-informed background (cockpit automation, airport infrastructure, training system evolution) and an empirical survey of 138 ATPL(A) trainees and 17 flight instructors, we quantify current strengths and gaps. Results show strong theoretical and flightplanning skills but systemic deficits in crew cooperation, emotional stability, independence, and professional communication. We discuss implications for curriculum design (KSA100 (Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes)), scenario-based training, English proficiency, VR/AI (Virtual Reality / artificial intelligence) integration, and cybersecurity hygiene) and outline actionable recommendations to better align training outcomes with modern cockpit demands.